BREAKING NEWS
Oncology researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital in the largest study of skin cancer rates among various groups, report important differences in skin cancer prevalence among sexual minorities.
The research revealed that rates of skin cancer were higher among gay compared to heterosexual men but lower among bisexual women than heterosexual women.
These research findings, which were possible because of the sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) module built into a national system of surveys, have implications for patient education and community outreach initiatives focused on reducing skin cancer risk. They also have implications for the design of future nationwide surveys.
Research results are published in JAMA Dermatology journal.
Dr Arash Mostaghimi, MD, MPA, MPH, director of the Dermatology Inpatient Service at the Brigham and author of the study told Gay Health News, "It's absolutely critical that we ask about sexual orientation and gender identity in national health surveys; if we never ask the question, we'd never know that these differences exists. This information helps inform the nation about how to allocate health resources and how to train providers and leaders. When we look at disparities, it may be uncomfortable, but we need to continue to ask these questions to see if we're getting better or worse at addressing them. Historically, this kind of health variation was hidden, but we now recognize that it's clinically meaningful."
Dr Mostaghimi and colleagues leveraged data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), using data collected from annual questionnaires from 2014 to 2018. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) uses the BRFSS to collect information about risk factors and behaviors among adults. About 450,000 adults are interviewed by telephone by the BRFSS each year. Beginning in 2014, the BRFSS began using the SOGI module to include questions about sexual orientation and gender identity. This module was administered in 37 states.
Dr Mostaghimi and colleagues compared skin cancer rates among heterosexual men to rates in gay or bisexual men and compared rates among heterosexual women to lesbian or bisexual women. Rates of skin cancer were 8.1 percent among gay men and 8.4 percent among bisexual men, statistically higher than the rate of 6.7 percent among heterosexual men.
Skin cancer rates were 5.9 percent among lesbian women and 6.6 percent among heterosexual women, which was not a statistically significant difference. However, the rate of 4.7 percent among bisexual women was statistically significantly lower than heterosexual women.
The researchers note that the data are based on self-reported skin cancer diagnoses, which have not been confirmed by a physician. The SOGI module was also only implemented in 37 states, so may not be generalizable to all states.
The survey did not collect information about risk factors for skin cancer, such as UV exposure, Fitzpatrick skin type (a measure of skin color and susceptibility to sun burn), HIV status and more. However, smaller studies have reported higher usage of indoor tanning beds among sexual minority men, a known risk factor for skin cancer.
The US CDC recently considered stopping implementation of the SOGI module for future BRFSS surveys, a move Dr Mostaghimi feels would hinder efforts to support this population.
Dr Mostaghimi further added, "This is the first time we've been able to look nationally at data about skin cancer rates among sexual minorities. Eliminating SOGI would prevent us from better studying this vulnerable population over time to see how rates may change from year to year. As a next step, we want to connect with sexual minority communities to help identify the cause of these differences in skin cancer rates. This is work that will need to be done thoughtfully but may help not just sexual minorities but everyone."
Based on the research gay men should pay more attention to any unusual developments on their skin or moles or skin lesions and always immediately seek advice from a dermatologists or physician.
Reference : Singer S et al. "Association Between Sexual Orientation and Lifetime Prevalence of Skin Cancer in the United States" JAMA Dermatology (2020). DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4196
